Introduction: Aims and Objectives of Practicing These Questions
Practicing JAMB Agricultural Science CBT questions is crucial for students preparing for the 2026 WASSCE/UTME for the following reasons:
- Familiarity with Exam Format – JAMB CBT exams are computer-based, and practicing multiple-choice questions helps students get used to selecting answers quickly on a screen.
- Time Management Skills – Attempting practice questions under timed conditions improves your speed and efficiency during the actual exam.
- Concept Mastery – Repeated practice reinforces understanding of core topics in Agricultural Science such as crop production, animal husbandry, soil science, pest management, and agricultural economics.
- Identifying Weak Areas – By practicing, students can detect topics they are weak in and focus revision on those areas.
- Boosting Confidence – Familiarity with question styles and repetitive exposure reduces exam anxiety.
100 JAMB Agricultural Science CBT Questions and Answers
Section A: Crop Production and Soil Science (1–20)
- Which of the following is a leguminous crop?
A. Maize
B. Groundnut ✅
C. Rice
D. Wheat - The main nutrient responsible for leafy growth in plants is:
A. Phosphorus
B. Nitrogen ✅
C. Potassium
D. Calcium - Which soil type is best for rice cultivation?
A. Sandy
B. Loamy
C. Clayey ✅
D. Lateritic - Crop rotation is practiced mainly to:
A. Reduce soil fertility
B. Reduce pests and diseases ✅
C. Increase weeds
D. Promote soil erosion - Green manure crops are grown to:
A. Feed animals
B. Fertilize the soil ✅
C. Increase pests
D. Produce timber - Which of the following is a cereal crop?
A. Cowpea
B. Maize ✅
C. Groundnut
D. Soybean - Sandy soils are usually:
A. Poorly drained
B. Well-drained ✅
C. Waterlogged
D. Fertile - Nitrogen deficiency in plants causes:
A. Stunted roots
B. Yellowing of leaves ✅
C. Early flowering
D. Thick stems - Phosphorus in plants promotes:
A. Root development ✅
B. Leaf growth
C. Flower drop
D. Pest resistance - The process of removing weeds from farmland is called:
A. Irrigation
B. Weeding ✅
C. Mulching
D. Fertilization - Which of these is a permanent crop?
A. Maize
B. Cocoa ✅
C. Rice
D. Tomato - Soil pH is important because it:
A. Determines soil color
B. Affects nutrient availability ✅
C. Affects soil temperature
D. Determines soil texture - The main function of potassium in plants is to:
A. Promote flowering and fruiting ✅
B. Increase leaf size
C. Increase root length
D. Prevent pests - A seedless fruit can be produced by:
A. Grafting
B. Budding
C. Parthenocarpy ✅
D. Pollination - Crop spacing is important to:
A. Maximize sunlight and nutrient use ✅
B. Reduce harvesting cost
C. Reduce soil fertility
D. Increase pests - Mulching helps to:
A. Retain soil moisture ✅
B. Reduce sunlight
C. Attract pests
D. Reduce soil nutrients - Which of these is an example of an orchard crop?
A. Maize
B. Apple ✅
C. Soybean
D. Groundnut - Soil erosion is reduced by:
A. Deforestation
B. Contour farming ✅
C. Overgrazing
D. Bush burning - The practice of planting two or more crops on the same piece of land is called:
A. Monocropping
B. Intercropping ✅
C. Crop rotation
D. Agroforestry - Humus in soil is important because it:
A. Reduces water holding capacity
B. Increases soil fertility ✅
C. Reduces soil texture
D. Increases soil acidity
Section B: Animal Husbandry (21–40)
- The male chicken is called:
A. Hen
B. Rooster ✅
C. Pullet
D. Cockrel - The common disease in poultry characterized by diarrhea is:
A. Fowl pox
B. Newcastle
C. Coccidiosis ✅
D. Marek’s disease - The main product of dairy cattle is:
A. Meat
B. Milk ✅
C. Wool
D. Eggs - Vaccination in animals is done to:
A. Increase weight
B. Prevent disease ✅
C. Improve reproduction
D. Reduce feed cost - Pig farming is mainly practiced for:
A. Egg production
B. Meat production ✅
C. Milk production
D. Wool production - The young female goat is called:
A. Doe
B. Kid ✅
C. Buck
D. Nanny - Broilers are reared mainly for:
A. Egg production
B. Meat production ✅
C. Wool production
D. Milk production - Which of these animals is a ruminant?
A. Pig
B. Chicken
C. Goat ✅
D. Dog - Castration in livestock is done to:
A. Increase fertility
B. Improve meat quality ✅
C. Prevent diseases
D. Improve egg production - Silage is made from:
A. Dried leaves
B. Green fodder fermented ✅
C. Concentrates
D. Mineral salts - The average gestation period of a cow is:
A. 6 months
B. 9 months ✅
C. 12 months
D. 15 months - Artificial insemination is done to:
A. Increase egg production
B. Improve genetic quality ✅
C. Prevent disease
D. Reduce feed cost - The type of feeding where animals graze freely is called:
A. Zero grazing
B. Free-range grazing ✅
C. Stall feeding
D. Intensive feeding - Lactation is the process of:
A. Producing eggs
B. Producing milk ✅
C. Shedding wool
D. Growth - The main function of a beehive is to:
A. Rear poultry
B. Produce honey ✅
C. Shelter goats
D. Grow crops - Poultry should be vaccinated against:
A. Avian influenza ✅
B. Anthrax
C. Foot-and-mouth disease
D. Trypanosomiasis - Layer chickens are reared for:
A. Meat
B. Egg production ✅
C. Wool
D. Milk - The main component of animal feed is:
A. Minerals
B. Protein and energy ✅
C. Water
D. Vitamins - The young male goat is called:
A. Buck kid ✅
B. Nanny
C. Doe
D. Lamb - Deworming livestock is important to:
A. Increase fertility
B. Prevent worm infestation ✅
C. Improve milk color
D. Increase fat content
Section C: Pest & Disease Management (41–60)
- Which of the following is a rodent pest?
A. Weevil
B. Rat ✅
C. Locust
D. Aphid - The main cause of crop diseases is:
A. Insects
B. Pathogens ✅
C. Fertilizers
D. Rain - Which of the following is a viral disease?
A. Cassava mosaic disease ✅
B. Maize smut
C. Potato blight
D. Rust - An example of a biological pest control method is:
A. Spraying chemicals
B. Introducing predators to kill pests ✅
C. Burning farmland
D. Using traps - Weevils attack mainly:
A. Fresh leaves
B. Stored grains ✅
C. Roots
D. Tree bark - The major symptom of fungal infection in plants is:
A. Wilting
B. Rotting and mould growth ✅
C. Yellowing
D. Curling - The pest that causes leaf perforation is:
A. Termite
B. Grasshopper ✅
C. Bank vole
D. Snail - Pesticides are chemicals used to:
A. Improve soil fertility
B. Control pests and diseases ✅
C. Increase crop size
D. Harvest crops - Which of these diseases affects poultry?
A. Black pod
B. Maize rust
C. Newcastle disease ✅
D. Smut - The practice of rotating chemicals to prevent resistance is called:
A. Chemical cycling
B. Pesticide rotation ✅
C. Crop rotation
D. Mixed farming - Nematodes are:
A. Insects
B. Worm-like organisms that attack roots ✅
C. Fungi
D. Bacteria - Rodents can be controlled using:
A. Insecticides
B. Rodenticides ✅
C. Herbicides
D. Fungicides - Termites damage:
A. Leaves
B. Stems and roots of crops plus wooden structures ✅
C. Fruits
D. Flowers - A common method of preventing disease spread in livestock is:
A. Overcrowding
B. Quarantine ✅
C. Free-range
D. Cross-breeding - A plant disease caused by fungi is:
A. Cassava mosaic
B. Rice blast disease ✅
C. Rinderpest
D. Anthracnose - Insects that transmit diseases are called:
A. Scavengers
B. Vectors ✅
C. Hosts
D. Carriers - The use of resistant varieties is an example of:
A. Cultural control
B. Genetic control of pests and diseases ✅
C. Chemical control
D. Mechanical control - Pheromone traps are used mainly to control:
A. Birds
B. Insects that respond to scent signals ✅
C. Weeds
D. Worms - Snails damage plants by:
A. Sucking sap
B. Biting holes in leaves and stems ✅
C. Producing toxins
D. Digging the soil - The most environmentally friendly pest control method is:
A. Cultural control
B. Biological control ✅
C. Chemical control
D. Mechanical control
Section D: Agricultural Economics (61–80)
- Scarcity in agriculture means:
A. Enough resources
B. Limited resources for unlimited wants ✅
C. Oversupply of goods
D. Efficient production - The reward for labour is:
A. Profit
B. Wage or salary ✅
C. Rent
D. Interest - The process of selecting a specific crop to grow is known as:
A. Opportunity cost
B. Enterprise selection ✅
C. Budgeting
D. Marketing - Which of the following is a fixed cost on a farm?
A. Seeds
B. Fertilizers
C. Land rent ✅
D. Pesticides - Demand refers to:
A. Desire for goods only
B. Desire backed by purchasing power ✅
C. Production of goods
D. Supply of goods - The reward for land in agriculture is:
A. Rent ✅
B. Salary
C. Profit
D. Commission - Farm records are kept mainly to:
A. Increase labour
B. Monitor farm activities and decisions ✅
C. Reduce produce
D. Increase expenses - The type of market where many buyers and sellers exist is:
A. Monopoly
B. Perfect competition market ✅
C. Oligopoly
D. Duopoly - The law of supply states that:
A. Price and quantity supplied are inversely related
B. Price and quantity supplied are directly related ✅
C. Market determines price
D. Producers set demand - When demand exceeds supply, prices will:
A. Fall
B. Rise ✅
C. Remain constant
D. Be eliminated - A cooperative society is formed to:
A. Compete with members
B. Promote the welfare of members through unity and shared efforts ✅
C. Punish poor farmers
D. Act as a bank - Perishable goods include:
A. Eggs, milk, vegetables ✅
B. Cement
C. Fertilizer
D. Tractor - Middlemen in agricultural marketing are also known as:
A. Producers
B. Intermediaries or agents ✅
C. Consumers
D. Manufacturers - The major aim of commercial farming is:
A. Family consumption
B. Profit making and large-scale production ✅
C. Soil conservation
D. Research - A production function shows the relationship between:
A. Inputs and outputs in production ✅
B. Consumers and sellers
C. Costs and profits
D. Farmers and buyers - Capital in agriculture refers to:
A. Money, equipment, buildings used for production ✅
B. Only money
C. Only land
D. Only labour - A major disadvantage of middlemen is:
A. Stimulate competition
B. Increase price of goods for consumers due to markup costs ✅
C. Provide storage
D. Provide information - Examples of variable costs include:
A. Tractor purchase
B. Seeds and fertilizers used frequently in production ✅
C. Buildings
D. Land purchase - Insurance in agriculture helps farmers to:
A. Avoid paying tax
B. Reduce risk and financial losses from disasters like fire or flood ✅
C. Increase crop size
D. Reduce labour - A farm budget helps the farmer to:
A. Decrease profits
B. Plan expenses, profits, and resources effectively ✅
C. Increase weeds
D. Lose money
Section E: Farm Tools, Mechanization, Irrigation, & General Agriculture (81–100)
- A cutlass is used for:
A. Ploughing land
B. Weeding and cutting shrubs ✅
C. Harvesting grains
D. Spraying chemicals - The part of the tractor used for driving is the:
A. Radiator
B. Steering wheel ✅
C. Gear lever
D. Clutch - The process of adding water to soil for crop growth is:
A. Cultivation
B. Irrigation ✅
C. Transplanting
D. Mulching - Drip irrigation is suitable for:
A. Waterlogged soils
B. Water-scarce areas where water must be conserved carefully ✅
C. Rice farms
D. Flood-prone fields - A combine harvester performs:
A. Ploughing
B. Harvesting, threshing, winnowing all together in one operation ✅
C. Irrigation
D. Fertilization - The simple machine that consists of a rigid bar is the:
A. Wheelbarrow
B. Lever ✅
C. Screw
D. Pulley - A dibbler is used for:
A. Spraying pesticides
B. Making holes for planting seeds or seedlings ✅
C. Harvesting
D. Weeding - The process of raising seedlings in a small protected area is:
A. Broadcasting
B. Nursery establishment ✅
C. Mulching
D. Irrigation - Slash-and-burn farming is also called:
A. Shifting cultivation ✅
B. Mixed farming
C. Zero tillage
D. Commercial farming - The best storage method for yams is:
A. Freezing
B. Barn storage with ventilation and spacing between tubers ✅
C. Plastic bags
D. Water storage - The following are examples of farm machinery except:
A. Tractor
B. Sprayer
C. Hoe (hand tool, not machinery) ✅
D. Harrow - Organic manure includes:
A. NPK fertilizer
B. Cow dung, compost, poultry droppings ✅
C. Urea
D. Super phosphate - Wind erosion can be reduced by:
A. Overgrazing
B. Planting shelterbelts or windbreaks like trees and hedges ✅
C. Bush burning
D. Digging pits - Which of these practices improves soil structure?
A. Burning vegetation
B. Adding organic matter like compost or manure ✅
C. Continuous cropping
D. Deforestation - The movement of water into the soil is called:
A. Runoff
B. Infiltration ✅
C. Transpiration
D. Evaporation - A tool used for measuring land is:
A. Hammer
B. Measuring tape or chain survey tape ✅
C. Hoe
D. Cutlass - Zero tillage means:
A. Ploughing many times
B. Growing crops without disturbing the soil through ploughing or tilling ✅
C. Burning fields
D. Using only hoes - An example of a perennial crop is:
A. Rice
B. Tomato
C. Cassava
D. Oil palm (lives many years) ✅ - The agricultural practice that involves growing trees and crops together is:
A. Monocropping
B. Agroforestry ✅
C. Mixed grazing
D. Pastoral farming - The main purpose of agricultural extension is to:
A. Punish farmers
B. Teach farmers new and improved modern farming techniques and technologies ✅
C. Replace farmers
D. Distribute fertilizers only
100 Advanced-Level Agricultural Science CBT Questions and Answers
SECTION A — CROP PRODUCTION & SOIL SCIENCE (1–30)
1. Which of the following soil particles has the highest surface area?
A. Sand
B. Silt
C. Clay ✅
D. Humus
2. Soil structure refers to:
A. The mineral content of soil
B. The arrangement of soil particles into aggregates ✅
C. The color of soil
D. Soil pH
3. The C:N ratio of a good compost material is approximately:
A. 5:1
B. 15:1
C. 30:1 ✅
D. 80:1
4. The process that transforms ammonia into nitrates is called:
A. Ammonification
B. Denitrification
C. Nitrification ✅
D. Assimilation
5. Which of the following reduces soil acidity naturally?
A. Ammonium sulfate
B. Lime (Calcium carbonate) ✅
C. Urea
D. Superphosphate
6. A typical symptom of iron deficiency in plants is:
A. Stem rot
B. Chlorosis of young leaves first ✅
C. Leaf burn
D. Purple leaves
7. The best method of maintaining continuous crop production on poor soils is:
A. Monocropping
B. Alley cropping with nitrogen-fixing shrubs ✅
C. Overgrazing
D. Burning the field
8. A crop variety that completes its life cycle in less than 3 months is called:
A. Biennial
B. Perennial
C. Annual
D. Early-maturing annual variety ✅
9. Which of the following is NOT a photoperiodic response?
A. Flowering
B. Leaf abscission
C. Germination of seeds
D. Gravitropism (not controlled by light) ✅
10. Waterlogging in soil will lead to:
A. Increase in oxygen
B. Increase in nitrates
C. Anaerobic conditions and denitrification losses ✅
D. High soil pH
11. Mulching reduces weed growth mainly by:
A. Increasing soil pH
B. Blocking sunlight needed for weed germination 🌱☀️ ❌
C. Encouraging pests
D. Increasing soil porosity
Correct Answer: B
12. The best propagation method for sugarcane is:
A. Seed
B. Suckers
C. Stem cuttings (setts) ✅
D. Layering
13. A plant hormone responsible for cell elongation is:
A. ABA
B. Auxin (IAA) ✅
C. Cytokinin
D. Ethylene
14. Soil sterilization in nurseries is done to:
A. Increase soil pH
B. Improve color
C. Kill pathogens and weed seeds ✅
D. Reduce drainage
15. The botanical name of cassava is:
A. Musa paradisiaca
B. Zea mays
C. Manihot esculenta ✅
D. Ipomoea batatas
16. One major advantage of hydroponic farming is:
A. Low initial cost
B. No need for nutrients
C. Better control of nutrient supply and pest reduction ✅
D. It increases pests
17. The most appropriate time for applying nitrogen fertilizer is:
A. During harvest
B. Before planting
C. At vegetative stage for maximum leaf development 🌱💚 ✅
D. During storage
18. An example of a biennial crop is:
A. Yam
B. Carrot (2-year cycle: vegetative then flowering) ✅
C. Rice
D. Cotton
19. Soil texture can be determined using the:
A. Atterberg method
B. Ribbon test (feel method)
C. Hydrometer method (accurate laboratory method) ✅
D. Penetrometer
20. Which of these crops is commonly propagated by grafting?
A. Sorghum
B. Banana
C. Citrus (orange, lemon) 🍊🌱 ✅
D. Cassava
21. Excess nitrogen in crops leads to:
A. Early flowering
B. Poor vegetative growth
C. Lush vegetative growth and delayed maturity ✅
D. Increased root tubers
22. Soil water available for crop use is:
A. Hygroscopic water
B. Gravitational water
C. Capillary water (most useful) 💧🌿 ✅
D. Vapor water
23. The major cause of nutrient leaching in soil is:
A. High clay content
B. High cation exchange capacity
C. Heavy rainfall in sandy soils 🌧️🏜️ ✅
D. Organic manure application
24. The term “vernalization” refers to:
A. Seed scarification
B. Cold treatment to induce flowering ❄️🌸 ✅
C. Hot water treatment
D. Stem elongation
25. In crop improvement, pureline selection is used for:
A. Hybrid crops
B. Cross-pollinated crops
C. Self-pollinated crops (rice, wheat) 🌾 ✅
D. Tree crops
26. Inbreeding depression is common in:
A. Self-pollinated crops
B. Cross-pollinated crops (maize) 🌽 ❌
C. Vegetatively propagated crops
D. All legumes
Correct Answer: B
27. Soil colloids are responsible for:
A. Soil aeration
B. Water infiltration
C. Nutrient retention (high CEC) 🌱💪 ✅
D. Soil color alone
28. The major function of magnesium in plants is:
A. Energy storage
B. Oxygen transport
C. Chlorophyll formation (central atom) 🌿☀️ ✅
D. Flower formation
29. The method used to remove small stones from seeds is:
A. Winnowing
B. Gravity separation
C. Sieving (screens) 🔍 ✅
D. Flotation
30. A plant that thrives under short-day conditions will flower when:
A. Day length exceeds critical level
B. Night length exceeds critical level 🌙🌸 ✅
C. There is no light
D. Fertilizer is high
SECTION B — ANIMAL HUSBANDRY (31–60)
31. The part of the ruminant stomach responsible for fermentation is:
A. Abomasum
B. Omasum
C. Rumen (largest compartment) 🐄💨 ✅
D. Reticulum
32. Cud chewing is scientifically known as:
A. Eructation
B. Rumination (re-chewing of food) 🐄♻️ ✅
C. Mastication
D. Deglutition
33. A deficiency of Vitamin D in animals leads to:
A. Blindness
B. Rickets/osteomalacia (poor bone formation) 🦴 ❌
C. Mouth lesions
D. Anaemia
Correct Answer: B
34. A balanced ration must contain:
A. Only carbohydrates
B. All nutrients in the right proportion for maintenance and production 🍽️✨ ✅
C. Only vitamins
D. Excess protein
35. Ketosis in cattle is caused by:
A. Excess carbohydrates
B. Excess ketosis bodies due to energy deficiency in lactating cows ⚠️🐄
C. Excess calcium
D. Mineral deficiency
Correct Answer: B
36. The gestation period of a sow is approximately:
A. 2 months
B. 3 months, 3 weeks, 3 days (114 days) 🐖🗓️ ✅
C. 9 months
D. 5 months
37. The best method of identifying sheep is:
A. Tattooing
B. Ear notching (commonly used) 🐑 🔖 ✅
C. Branding
D. Tagging
38. The hormone responsible for milk let-down is:
A. Estrogen
B. Testosterone
C. Oxytocin 🥛🐄 ✅
D. Progesterone
39. A major disease transmitted by tsetse fly is:
A. Rinderpest
B. Trypanosomiasis 🪰🐄 ❌
C. Foot and mouth
D. Mastitis
Correct Answer: B
40. Pasteurization of milk is done to:
A. Improve taste
B. Increase fat
C. Kill harmful pathogens at controlled temperature 🥛🔥 ❌
D. Add vitamins
Correct Answer: C
Due to length, I will continue with:👉 Questions 41–100
● Agricultural Extension
● Economics
● Mechanization
● Irrigation
● Forestry
● Fisheries
● Storage & Processing
● Biotechnology
● Advanced Genetics
SECTION C — AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION, ECONOMICS, & FARM MANAGEMENT (41–70)
41. The most effective extension teaching method for large audiences is:
A. Farm visit
B. Result demonstration
C. Radio/TV broadcast 📻📺 ✅
D. Individual contact
42. The first step in an extension programme planning process is:
A. Evaluation
B. Situation analysis (needs assessment) 📊 ✅
C. Implementation
D. Reporting
43. The process of assessing the success of an extension program is:
A. Planning
B. Evaluation 📝 🔍 ✅
C. Training
D. Advisory service
44. The type of cost that remains constant regardless of production level is:
A. Transaction cost
B. Variable cost
C. Fixed cost (rent, insurance) 🏠💰 ✅
D. Marginal cost
45. Opportunity cost in agricultural production refers to:
A. Total cost
B. Profit loss
C. The value of the next best alternative forgone 🔁💡 ✅
D. Labour cost
46. A farmer’s equilibrium is achieved when:
A. MC = MR (profit maximizing condition) 📈⚖️ ❌
B. TR = TC
C. AR = MR
D. AVC = AFC
Correct Answer: A
47. A market structure with only one seller is called:
A. Perfect competition
B. Duopoly
C. Monopoly 🏢 ❌
D. Monopsony
Correct Answer: C
48. The demand curve typically slopes:
A. Upward
B. Downward from left to right 📉 ❌
C. Horizontal
D. Vertical
Correct Answer: B
49. Cross elasticity of demand measures:
A. Relationship between price and quantity demanded
B. Change in demand of one good due to change in price of another 🔄📦 ❌
C. Supply elasticity
D. Price stability
Correct Answer: B
50. A farm record that shows daily financial transactions is:
A. Balance sheet
B. Cash book 📘💵 ❌
C. Inventory
D. Production record
Correct Answer: B
51. Depreciation means:
A. Increase in value
B. Loss of value of capital assets over time due to wear and tear 🛠️📉 ❌
C. Profit made
D. Tax payment
Correct Answer: B
52. The difference between total revenue and total cost is:
A. Loss
B. Equity
C. Profit/Net income 💰📊 ❌
D. Marginal product
Correct Answer: C
53. An insurance policy that covers livestock death is called:
A. Property insurance
B. Life insurance
C. Agricultural/livestock insurance 🐄🛡️ ❌
D. Marine insurance
Correct Answer: C
54. A farmer borrows money to expand his farm. This is known as:
A. Revenue
B. Loan/credit 💳 🚜 ❌
C. Grant
D. Subsidy
Correct Answer: B
55. In farm management, the best planning tool for decision-making is:
A. Guesswork
B. Budgeting (enterprise or partial budget) 💡📘 ❌
C. Gambling
D. Forecasting
Correct Answer: B
56. A farm enterprise that involves both crops and livestock is called:
A. Monoculture
B. Mixed farming 🌾🐄 ❌
C. Aquaculture
D. Ranching
Correct Answer: B
57. The supply curve usually slopes:
A. Downward
B. Upward from left to right 📈 ❌
C. Horizontal
D. Vertical
Correct Answer: B
58. Market equilibrium is attained when:
A. D = S (demand equals supply) ⚖️ ❌
B. Price doubles
C. Sellers reduce output
D. Buyers increase supply
Correct Answer: A
59. The portion of profit kept aside for future use is called:
A. Expenditure
B. Retained earnings 💰📦 ❌
C. Revenue
D. Salary
Correct Answer: B
60. A farm asset that cannot be physically touched is:
A. Land
B. Tractor
C. Goodwill (intangible asset) ⭐❌
D. Building
Correct Answer: C
61. Gross margin formula is:
A. TR – TC
B. TR – TVC (Total Revenue minus Total Variable Cost) 📊 ❌
C. TR – TFC
D. TFC – TVC
Correct Answer: B
62. The risk that cannot be controlled by the farmer is:
A. Market risk
B. Natural hazard risk (flood, drought) 🌧️🔥 ❌
C. Labour risk
D. Management risk
Correct Answer: B
63. When a farmer produces only one crop, it is called:
A. Mixed cropping
B. Monocropping 🚜🌽 ❌
C. Mixed farming
D. Polyculture
Correct Answer: B
64. The point where total revenue equals total cost is:
A. Break-even point ⚖️ 📉 ❌
B. Profit point
C. Loss point
D. Equilibrium point
Correct Answer: A
65. The middlemen that transport goods from farm to market are called:
A. Wholesalers
B. Retailers
C. Distributors/logistics agents 🚛 ❌
D. Brokers
Correct Answer: C
66. An example of direct marketing is:
A. Selling through middlemen
B. Selling directly to consumers at farm gate 🏡🛒 ❌
C. Exporting
D. Banking
Correct Answer: B
67. The value of a farm business at a particular time is shown in:
A. Cash book
B. Balance sheet 📄 ❌
C. Journal
D. Inventory book
Correct Answer: B
68. Costs that vary directly with output include:
A. Fertilizers and seeds 🌱❌
B. Land cost
C. Building depreciation
D. Loan interest
Correct Answer: A
69. The basic unit of agricultural production is:
A. Government
B. Farm enterprise
C. The farm itself 🚜🌾 ❌
D. Cooperative
Correct Answer: C
70. Government price control to stabilize food prices is called:
A. Tariff
B. Subsidy
C. Price policy or price support 🏛️📈 ❌
D. Rationing
Correct Answer: C
SECTION D — MECHANIZATION, IRRIGATION, FORESTRY, STORAGE, FISHERIES (71–100)
71. The part of a tractor that transmits power to implements is:
A. Radiator
B. PTO shaft (Power Take-Off) 🔧🎡 ❌
C. Steering
D. Differential
Correct Answer: B
72. The most efficient irrigation method for water conservation is:
A. Basin irrigation
B. Sprinkler
C. Drip irrigation 💧🌱 ❌
D. Flood irrigation
Correct Answer: C
73. The type of plough most suitable for virgin land is:
A. Disc plough 🚜⭕ ❌
B. Mouldboard plough
C. Ridger
D. Harrow
Correct Answer: A
74. Zero tillage is commonly used to:
A. Increase soil disturbance
B. Reduce erosion and conserve moisture 🌿❌
C. Remove organic matter
D. Increase cost
Correct Answer: B
75. The engine that uses spark plug ignition is:
A. Diesel engine
B. Petrol engine (spark ignition) 🔌🔥 ❌
C. Tractor engine
D. Steam engine
Correct Answer: B
76. The forestry term for controlled cutting is:
A. Felling
B. Selective logging 🌲🪓 ❌
C. Bush burning
D. Debarking
Correct Answer: B
77. The removal of tree branches for maintenance is called:
A. Logging
B. Pruning ✂️🌳 ❌
C. Pollarding
D. Sawing
Correct Answer: B
78. The ability of a forest to regenerate naturally is called:
A. Artificial regeneration
B. Natural regeneration 🌱🌳 ❌
C. Afforestation
D. Reforestation
Correct Answer: B
79. The main objective of fish pond liming is:
A. Kill fish
B. Increase pond alkalinity and kill harmful organisms 🐟 ❌
C. Prevent sunlight
D. Increase weeds
Correct Answer: B
80. The most common breed of catfish in Nigeria is:
A. Clarias gariepinus 🐟🇳🇬 ❌
B. Tilapia nilotica
C. Heterobranchus
D. Sole fish
Correct Answer: A
81. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) in fish farming means:
A. Amount of feed per kg weight gain 🐟🍽️ ❌
B. Disease rate
C. Mortality rate
D. Stocking density
Correct Answer: A
82. Cold storage prevents spoilage by:
A. Increasing microbial activity
B. Reducing microbial growth ❄️🧊 ❌
C. Increasing heat
D. Reducing oxygen
Correct Answer: B
83. A warehouse used for storing grains is called:
A. Silo (large grain storage) 🌾🏢 ❌
B. Granary
C. Barn
D. Storage pit
Correct Answer: A
84. The process of drying grains to safe moisture level is:
A. Cooling
B. Sundrying or mechanical drying ☀️🌾 ❌
C. Pelletizing
D. Milling
Correct Answer: B
85. Spoilage in stored yams is caused mainly by:
A. Pests and fungi 🍠🦠 ❌
B. Excess nitrogen
C. Sunlight
D. High humidity only
Correct Answer: A
86. The main source of energy in animal feed is:
A. Minerals
B. Vitamins
C. Carbohydrates 🍚🐓 ❌
D. Antibiotics
Correct Answer: C
87. The type of net used in fish harvesting is:
A. Drag net 🎣 ❌
B. Bamboo trap
C. Hook and line
D. Fish gun
Correct Answer: A
88. Intensive aquaculture requires:
A. Little management
B. High stocking density with high management 🐟🏗️ ❌
C. Rain-fed ponds
D. Zero feeding
Correct Answer: B
89. In modern irrigation, water is measured using:
A. Rake
B. Flow meter 💧📏 ❌
C. Hydrometer
D. Barometer
Correct Answer: B
90. A major greenhouse gas from rice fields is:
A. Oxygen
B. Nitrogen
C. Methane (CH₄) 🌾💨 ❌
D. Carbon monoxide
Correct Answer: C
91. The process of improving soil fertility using plants is:
A. Fertigation
B. Green manuring 🌱💚 ❌
C. Hydroponics
D. Soil testing
Correct Answer: B
92. The ability of soil to allow roots to penetrate is:
A. Plasticity
B. Permeability
C. Workability/tilth 🌿🪨 ❌
D. Consistency
Correct Answer: C
93. The forest law that prevents illegal cutting is:
A. Grazing law
B. Timber act 🌲⚖️ ❌
C. Land tenure act
D. Crop act
Correct Answer: B
94. The major source of nitrogen loss in soil is:
A. Mineralisation
B. Leaching and denitrification 🌧️🧪 ❌
C. Absorption
D. Manure application
Correct Answer: B
95. A feedstuff with 18% crude fiber is classified as:
A. Concentrate
B. Roughage (≥18% CF) 🐄🌿 ❌
C. Mineral
D. Vitamin
Correct Answer: B
96. The process of removing moisture from seeds for storage is:
A. Milling
B. Drying 🔥❌
C. Grinding
D. Cracking
Correct Answer: B
97. In farm machinery, the belt and pulley system transfers:
A. Liquid
B. Rotational motion ⚙️⭕ ❌
C. Electricity
D. Fuel
Correct Answer: B
98. A combine harvester performs:
A. Spraying
B. Harvesting, threshing, winnowing in one machine 🌾🚜 ❌
C. Weeding
D. Ploughing
Correct Answer: B
99. A farm practice that controls erosion on slopes is:
A. Overgrazing
B. Contour ploughing ⛰️🚜 ❌
C. Bush burning
D. Continuous cropping
Correct Answer: B
100. The process of DNA transfer in genetic engineering is:
A. Hybridization
B. Electroporation or gene splicing 🧬⚡ ❌
C. Cloning
D. Budding
Correct Answer: B
